One immediate benefit of behavior modification plans is the shift away from solely punishing unwanted behavior to also rewarding good behavior. Often positive types are not being reinforced. In child psychiatry, parents often come to the office angry and frustrated with their child because “nothing works.” They have tried multiple types of punishments when bad behavior has occurred using the removal of toys or privileges away or placing a child in time out. Positive reinforcement works exceedingly better and faster than punishment. Reinforcement and punishment both work independently, as well as together, as part of a behavior plan. Removal of the cell phone would be a “negative” because it takes something away, decreasing the chance that she won’t finish her homework the next time. She makes it a priority to finish her homework immediately after school before she does anything else. For example, if Emily doesn’t finish her homework on time, her cell phone gets taken away. Negative punishment is taking away favorable consequences to reduce unwanted behavior. Spanking is positive punishment because it is a consequence added to the situation that decreases the likelihood of the child crossing the street alone. He then no longer crosses the street alone. For example, a child gets spanked when he crosses the street without holding his mother’s hand. ![]() The removal of the negative stimulus (the fine) results in a positive outcome for the individual, no jail time.Ĭonversely, positive punishment is the addition of an adverse consequence. For example, a fine is dropped, and a person no longer has to go to jail. Negative reinforcement is removing a stimulus as the consequence of behavior but results in a positive outcome for the individual. This makes the behavior more likely to recur. If a child enjoys candy and cleaning the room is the desired behavior, the candy is a positive reinforcer (reward) because it is something that is given or added when the behavior occurs. Thus, positive reinforcement occurs when a behavior is encouraged by rewards. Positive indicates that something is added, and negative indicates something is subtracted or taken away. Positive and negative are used in mathematical terms. Skinner noted that a reinforcer is a consequence that increases the likelihood of behavior to recur, while punishment is a consequence that decreases the chance. ![]() Skinner demonstrated that behavior could be shaped through reinforcement and/or punishment. The goal is to eliminate or reduce maladaptive behavior.īehavior modification is a type of behavior therapy. Then, certain variables can be manipulated via reinforcers and punishments to change problem behavior(s). This leads to the creation of specific target behaviors that will become the focus of change. Functional analysis of the antecedents and consequences of the problem behavior(s) must be identified. ![]() The progress and outcome of the intervention can be measured and evaluated. While some therapies focus on changing thought processes that can affect behavior, for example, cognitive behavioral therapy, behavior modification focuses on changing specific behaviors with little consideration of a person’s thoughts or feelings. Behavior modification is a psychotherapeutic intervention primarily used to eliminate or reduce maladaptive behavior in children or adults.
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